Chip Compatibility

PWM/supervisor chip was pin compatible

TL494 = xx494 = KA7500B
TL431 = xx431
UC384x = TL384x = AS384x* = FA1384x*
*The AS384x (Astec) and FA1384x (Fuji Electric) are pin compatible with all other 384x chips but are spec'd a little differently, so caution is advised.
Chip Goal CG8010DX = Weltrend WT7520
DAP015D = L6599D
Richtek RT8206 = Intersil ISL6236

SOIC8 interchangeability chips

32 Mbits (these chips are equivalent and interchangeable)

A25L032M-F AMIC 
AMIC A25L032M-UF 
MX25L3205DM2 Macronix 
EN25F32-100H EON 
W25X32VS WINBOND 
WINBOND W25Q32VS 
SST25VF032B SST

16 Mbits (these chips are equivalent and interchangeable)

A25L016M-F AMIC 
AMIC A25L016M-UF 
MX25L1605DM2 Macronix 
EN25F16-75H EON 
EON EN25F16-100H 
-75H EN25D16 EON 
EON EN25D16-100H 
W25X16VS WINBOND 
WINBOND W25Q16VS 
SST25VF016B SST

8 Mbits (these chips are equivalent and interchangeable)
A25L080M-F AMIC 
AMIC A25L080M-UF 
MX25L8005M2 Macronix 
EN25F80-75H EON 
EON EN25F80-100H 
W25X80VS WINBOND 
F25L008A-50PA ESMT 
ESMT F25L008A-100Pa 
SST25VF080B SST

4 Mbits (these chips are equivalent and interchangeable)
A25L040M-F AMIC 
AMIC A25L040M-UF 
MX25L4005AM2 Macronix 
EN25F40-75H EON 
EON EN25F40-100H 
W25X40VS WINBOND 
F25L004A-50PA ESMT 
ESMT F25L004A-100Pa 
SST25VF040B SST

POWER ON SEQUANCE HP V2000

When we plugged in Adapter19VIN, the power flows to have a 5VPCU, 3VPCU voltage,
it is by the PU10 (MAX1999) automatically generated, then the machine is in standby
mode.
When we press the Power Button, NBSWON # moment there is a low level, which gave
low 97551,97551 received signal to generate signals DNBSWON #, DNBSWON
distributed to South Bridge, also issued S5-ON 11th pin to 1845 produce 1.5V_S5. S5-
ON input PQ128 PQ132 generated through S5-OND.
S5-OND and PQ141 PQ127 were generated by 5V_S5 and 3V_S5.
3V_S5, 5V_S5, 1.5V_S5 time power to the South Bridge.
South Bridge received DNBSWON low, it occurs SUSB #, SUSC # 2 high sent to 97551,
97551 received SUSB #, SUSC # after have had a SUSON, MAINON #, VRON. SUSON
signals into SUSD signal sent PQ143, PQ145 tube arises 3VSUS, 5VSUS, and SUSON
sent to MAX1845 generate 2.5VSUS.
MAINON # generated by PU7 SMDDR-VTERM. At the same time and by PQ119 PQ125
into MAIND send PQ143, PQ145, PQ148, PQ153 produce +3 V, +5 V, +2.5 V, +1.5 V
voltages.
VRON gave PU9 (MAX1907), PU5 (1992E) generated VCC-CORE and VCCP voltage.
PU6, PU4 signals generated HWPG to 97,551, then PU3, PU5 also various feedback
signals to generate a HWPG 97551.
At this point the M / B of the main voltage in each group have been OK back HWPG
voltage feedback signal with convergence, the equivalent of a HWPG "and" relationship,
such as including any group for the low feedback HWPG this POWER OK 97551 occurs
when the instruction to turn off opening of voltage, such as the OK is HWPG constant as
high as 97,551, after receiving HWPG produce PWROK signal sent to SB Southbridge,
Southbridge SB produced after the PCI RST # generated through U42 PCIRST # passed to
North Bridge. North Bridge before they produce the CPURST #. 

POWER MANAGEMENT LAPTOP

Power management chips and BIOS chips, where 3.3VPCU, VC CRT C where
normal electricity supply, will enter the working state. One-chip power
management system can be understood as moments in the work of the monitoring
status. Connected to the power management chip clock oscillator Y6 external
power management chip to monitor the line to provide the basis 32.768kHz clock
signal. If you do not have this clock signal, the power management chip will also
be in a "paralyzed" state. -
Power Management IC 2 feet for the start signal to detect motion foot NBSWON #.
Under normal circumstances, when the pin is detected over a negative pulse
signal, the chip that was press the power button on the boot, and immediately turn
signal through the first 4PIN of DNBSWON # "reported to the South Bridge chips."
South Bridge chip part of the line is always in working condition. Likewise, it is
also connected to a 32.768kHz external when Zhong Jingzhen Y5, its role is to
South Bridge chip modules RTC and basic detection module reference clock.
Southbridge chip power management chip receiving the boot action to issue a
pulse signal, this chip will be the first 26PIN the S USB #, the first 69PIN high of
SUSC # set to an invalid state, the power management chip, boot up action to
provide necessary conditions.
Power management chip in the receiver to the South Bridge chip SUSB #, SUSC
# control signal "Reply" In the future, it began to issue secondary power control
signal (S5-ON, SUSON , MAINON, VRON) to each computer motherboard chip
supply voltage generated.
DC / DC power supply generating circuit will have all the appropriate supply
voltage to achieve stability in their output will be issued PWRGD high effective
signal back to the power management chip, meaning that tell it, had now been
given the task of successfully completed. Next, the power management chip
control chip can be reported to the superior work. 4 Z5 c-u $ d5 @.] - G1 D
When the power management chip to the PWRGD signal received after certain
Delay period, to again PWROK signal to the corresponding delay circuit. Delay
circuits at different delay, the order issued by the appropriate power supply OK
signal. One, SB-PWROK signal to the South Bridge chip, NB-PWROK signal to
the North Bridge chip, CPU-PWROK signal to CPU. Next, the system chipset will
issue a reset signal, first issued by the South Bridge PCI RST # signal to the PCI
bus and other related equipment and the North Bridge chip. Meanwhile, the North
Bridge chip in the receiver to the South Bridge chip issued PCIRST # reset signal,
we will send CPURST # signal to the CPU.

HP Laptop Blank Screen LED Error Codes.

Use the following table to learn about the meaning of a code that your computer may encounter.

Code type	Number of Blinks or Beeps	Component Being Checked	Condition	Possible solution(s)
AC power adapter LED	Constantly on	Power adapter	OK. Power is being supplied.	None. The power adapter is likely not the problem.
AC power adapter LED	Constantly off	Power adapter	Power is not being supplied	Try a different power outlet. Replace power adapter.
AC power adapter LED	Continuous blinking	Power adapter	Insufficient power	Try a different power outlet. Replace power adapter.
Caps Lock/Num Lock	1	CPU	CPU not functional	Reseat replace CPU. Service
Caps Lock/Num Lock	2	BIOS	BIOS corruption failure	Restore BIOS from onboard backup (jumpers) Service
Caps Lock/Num Lock	3	Memory	Memory module error not functional	Reseat memory modules (see next section). Test memory from UEFI or BIOS. Replace bad memory modules. Service
Caps Lock/Num Lock	4	Graphics	Graphics controller not functional	Service
Caps Lock/Num Lock	5	System board	General system board failure	Service
Caps Lock/Num Lock	6	BIOS	BIOS authentication failure	Restore BIOS from onboard backup (jumpers) Service
Beep	Varies	Varies	Varies	Reseat memory modules (see next section). Service For more detail on the exact code, search the Internet for "beep code" and the manufacturer of your BIOS - such as AMI or Award.

How to stop laptop overheating, if still overheats after cleaning dust.

There is two kinds of overheating.

1. Component specific overheating, caused by CPU or Graphics Processing Unit (GPU).
2. Overall temperature inside the laptop, caused by HDD and Battery.

99.9% cases its CPU,GPU or North bridge (if no GPU present). But in these 99.9% cases sometimes its not just gets fixed by cleaning the dust from heat-sink vents.

I am assuming you failed to fix overheating problem by following-

• Removing dust from laptop heat sink.
• Changed fan settings in CMOS.
• Update the bios with new version.
• Replaced the CPU cooling fan and graphics processing unit cooling fan (if present)
• Tried a costly branded thermal past or thermal pad.

Overheating happens because of dust, fan failure, loose heat-sink or broken heat-sink. Laptop gets overheat even if you don't run heavy CPU intesive software or graphics on the laptop and all above listed things seems okay.

But Laptop produce huge heat even you runing on lightweight programs like notepad or working on CMOS setup screen. This problem is with all the laptops those come with the graphics chip. When the BGA graphics chip get little dry-solder or comes to the end of the life.

Overheating is the most common reason when you see your laptop work for a while and then  freeze up, shut down on its own or even restarts while still plugged in charging. It all caused by CPU overheating.

If CPU overheats then first of all try to change it with same working CPU. If Same problem exists after replacing the CPU then change the CPU core voltage VRM section's SMD electrolytic capacitor or PTH (non SMD) electrolytic capacitor placed near the CPU socket.

                          

      

In the case of GPU overheats it usually hangs or restarts. IF you having problem with graphics processor you Just wait for when your laptop GPU goes down. Then it will be the right time to re-ball or re-flow the GPU chip. Or you can extend the life of your GPU chip just following these instructions.Heat is a killer for electronic devices and Laptop cooling fan play a most important role to save the life of laptop. Manufacturer use a smart fan circuit for their cooling fan and fan speed is also controllable. So a well designed laptop will run the fan just fast enough to keep the temperature in the ideal operating range. But as laptop grow older it's effects the fan performance also.

Let see what we can do for expanding the life of our laptop if it's nearing the end life of it's motherboard. In my last post I was talking about the CPU cooling fan.

This is the most powerful part of our laptop that can make a laptop life long and smooth. so I am going to do something with the CPU cooling fan smart circuits that usually control CPU cooling fan speed so if laptop gets overheat it means there is something missing or wrong.

In very easy way we can ride over the smart fan controller circuit just disconnect the PWM controller pin from fan header it's very easy way to prevent our laptop from overheat.

After the opening connection of PWM signal fan runs on the same speed it's never gets down in the normal mode but it will be remain off if smart fan circuit will stop fan.

We just bypass the fan speed control some time laptop gets overheat after repairing motherboard BGA chip, Re-ball the GPU or North-bridge due to faulty chip or if it not placed perfectly on motherboard then also we have to bypass the cooling fan for good ventilation.

Hope this helps let me know problems/queries in comments section below.

How to fix Dell BIOS 8 beep error.

In this post I'll  fix a Dell n5110 laptop that beeps on start-up but nothing comes on laptop display screen. This post will also help you to fix the same problem other Dell laptops.

The beeps that come on start up that is a POST error generated by the BIOS.

I download this table form the Dell support site in this table dell defined the cause for problem as the number of beep codes.

                      http://support.dell.com/support/edocs/dta/_hannbl/00000343.htm

POST Beep Codes
Beep Codes	Error	Probable Causes
1	Memory refresh failure.	Defective system board.
2	Error occurred in first 64 KB of main memory.	Faulty DIMM or defective system board.
3	Read or write error occurred in first 64 KB of main memory.	Faulty DIMM.
4	Timer on system board malfunctioned.	Defective system board.
5	Microprocessor error.	Defective microprocesor.
6	Gate A20 failure.	Defective system board.
7	Microprocessor-execption interrupt error.	Defective microprocessor.
8	Video memory read/write error.	Missing or faulty video adapter.
9	ROM checksum value does not match value encoded in system BIOS.	Corrupted system BIOS program or defective system BIOS chip.
10	NVRAM shutdown register read/write error.	Defective system board.
11	Cache memory error.	Defective microprocessor or cache card.
1-2	Video adapter failure.	Faulty video adapter.
1-3	No monitor connected.	Loose video cable connection or defective video cable. Faulty video adapter.

In this table Dell says that the meaning of 8 beeps on star up cause to ''Missing or faulty video adapter'' but practically I always found something different that dell says!

In the first video you can see the as I turn on the Dell Inspiron n5110 laptop it's star beeps, 8 beeps but nothing appear on display screen.

In the second video i connect an CRT monitor for external display and in this monitor display comes okay.

Remove the laptop top cover assembly you will get an access to the laptop display connector  and unplug the display connector and re-install  it again. In the last video you can see it's work for me the  display coming on the laptop screen and no any beep error appear.

Now I write something for those who are facing the problem but didn't got success to fix this fault.

Because not only this display cable loses connection is responsible to that malfunctioning of laptop. There  is some other things malfunctioning can be responsible to the same error.

• LED/LCD (due faulty or broken screen).
• Display cable/Video cable (due to broken or shorted cable).
• system board (broken display header or jack, faulty graphic card/chip or video ram).

If the external monitor works fine with the faulty laptop then practically 95% problem should be happens due to LED/LCD screen or faulty video cable. rest 5% case can be happens due to motherboard and video card problem.

But the external monitor also not shows any display then definitely it's a system boaerd problem and it's mostly happens due to graphic chip malfunctioning, need to replace, re-ball or reflow the chip using the BGA rework station.

Thanks and have a good luck

Dell bios password removal for latest models

Reset Dell 15R-N5110 Bios 

Add caption

1. remove motherboard from you laptop.
2. connect power and turn on.
3. short G2201 only one time.its shout down.
4. remove power and assemble your laptop again
5. Then go to bios by press F2.

note: This instructions for help only and for professionals only. general users do not try this.

       Don't short G2201 two times or in even count.it will show you password prompt again.

RESET DELL 1545 Bios

1545 mobo  with Graphics  

1545 without Graphics

1. remove motherboard from you laptop.
2. connect power and turn on.
3. short G49 only one time.its shout down.
4. remove power and assemble your laptop again
5. Then go to bios by press F2.

note: This instructions for help only and for professionals only. general users do not try this.

         1545 without graphics can be reset only to remove wifi cover.

       Don't short G49 two times or in even count.it will show you password prompt again

Compatibility table of super I/O controllers

EC1	Change	EC2	Platform
ENE
KB3310QF-A0	→	KB3310QF-B0	ASUS All-in-One PC ET1602C
KB3310QF-C1	→	KB3310QF-B0	ASUS EeePC 900
KB3926QF-A1	→	KB3926QF-A2	Quanta AT3
KB3926QF-C0	→	KB926QF-D3	HP DV5
KB3926QF-C0	↔	KB3926QF-D2	Quanta OP6, QT6
KB3930QF-A2	→	KB930QF-A1	Quanta R23
KB926QF-B1	→	KB926QF-C0	Compal LA-3551P
KB926QF-B1	→	KB926QF-D3	Compal LA-6552P
KB926QF-D3	→	KB926QF-C0	Lenovo G550 – Compal LA-5082P
KB926QF-E0	→	KB926QF-C0	Compal LA-6061P
KB926QF-E0	→	KB926QF-D3	Compal LA-6311P, Lenovo G555 (LA-5972P)
KB926QF-E0	→	KB926QF-D2	Compal LA-6421P, LA-6221P
Winbond
WPCE773	↔	WPCE775
WPC8763LDG	↔	WPC8769LDG	WistronBiwa, Aspire 5920G - Quanta ZD1
WPC8769LA0DG	→	WPC8769LDG	Alienware M15x - Quanta MX3(Maddog 2.5)
nuvoTon
NPCE781LA0DX	→	NPCE781BA0DX
NPCE781LA0DX	→	NPCE783LA0DX	Quanta ZQ1
NPCE795GA0DX	→	NPCE795LA0DX	Quanta ZYG
ITE
IT8500E	→	IT8502E	ASUS K50IJ
IT8502E	→	IT8500E	ASUS K40AB, K40C, K50C, K50AB
IT8502E	↔	IT8512E	ASUS K50IJ
IT8512E	→	IT8500E	Acer 6920
IT8511TE-BXS	→	IT8510TE-GXA	ASUS X51R/RL
SMSC
MEC1300-NU	↔	MEC1308-NU	Samsung R530 (BREMEN-L3, 1.0, BREMEN-L4, r1.4), Samsung R519 (BONN-L)

HP/Compaq led errors

"The following table illustrates the meaning of blink codes used on some notebooks with EFI environment.
The blink or beep codes on your computer may have different meanings. When you contact HP for
support, the agent needs to know the model of your computer and may ask you about blinking LEDs
or beeping tones to help troubleshoot a startup problem.Meaning of Sample Blink Codes for some EFI Notebooks Number of Blinks or BeepsLocation of Blinking LEDsComponent Being CheckedError Condition
Continuous glowBattery power LEDBatteryThe AC adapter is attached and the battery is charging, but does not yet have sufficient charge to power the notebook.
1time---Caps Lock/Num Lock-----CPU------------------CPU not functional
2time---Caps Lock/Num Lock-----BIOS----------------BIOS corruption failure
3time---Caps Lock/Num Lock-----Memory-------------Module error not functional
4time---Caps Lock/Num Lock-----Graphics--------------Graphics controller not functional
5time---Caps Lock/Num Lock-----System board----------General system board failure
6time---Caps Lock/Num Lock-----BIOS-------------------BIOS authentication failure
Continuous blinkAC power adapter LEDPower adapterInsufficient power"

Dell beep codes

Dell led codes

Keyboard Status Lights

numpad - caps lock - scrol lock (light code given in serial)

The green lights located above the keyboard indicate the following:

	Turns on when the numeric keypad is enabled.
	Turns on when the Caps Lock function is enabled.
	Turns on when the Scroll Lock function is enabled.

LED Error Codes

The following table shows the possible LED codes that may display in a no-POST situation.

Appearance	Description	Next Step
ON-FLASH-FLASH	No SODIMMs are installed	Install supported memory modules. If memory is already present, reseat the module(s) one at time in each slot. Try known good memory from another computer or replace the memory. Replace the system board.
FLASH-ON-ON	System board error	Reseat the processor. Replace the system board. Replace the processor.
FLASH-ON-FLASH	Display panel error	Reseat the display cable. Replace the display panel. Replace the video card/system board.
OFF-FLASH-OFF	Memory compatibility error	Install compatible memory modules. If two modules are installed remove one and test. Try the other module in the same slot and test. Test the other slot with both modules. Replace the memory. Replace the system board.
ON-FLASH-ON	Memory is detected but has errors	Reseat the memory. If two modules are installed remove one and test. Try the other module in the same slot and test. Test the other slot with both modules. Replace the memory. Replace the system board.
OFF-FLASH-FLASH	Modem error	Reseat the modem. Replace the modem. Replace the system board.
FLASH-FLASH-FLASH	System board error	Replace the system board.
FLASH-FLASH-OFF	Option ROM error	Reseat the device. Replace the device. Replace the system board.
OFF-ON-OFF	Storage device error	Reseat the hard drive and optical drive. Test the computer with just the hard drive and just the optical drive. Replace the device that is causing the failure. Replace the system board.
FLASH-FLASH-ON	Video card error	Replace the system board.