Power Supply ATX Full 

Power Supply: 5V Standby Loss before supply



loss due STB 5V voltage supply before does not work, possibly due to the following reasons.

* Loss of 300V DC voltage primary side

- When the source is the incident light power as convolution, short the diode rectifier fuse will explode and take 300V DC voltage shock if the bridge diodes in the rectifier diodes will lead to explosion off the fuse or thermistor, voltage 300V DC lost if the lights short main source of power will cause explosive fuse, thermistor, and pulling off the shock result of the rectifier diodes, voltage 300V DC power supply * before without wavering. - Power supply fluctuations will be lost before being incidents such as power cuts or primer, weld bubble lights and power resistors, capacitors to feedback oscillators. - If the bait or flaking off leg resistors R, C feedback before the supply takes knife active, the voltage loss - If the power light peeling feet and took circuit voltage fluctuations and take off - If short explosive power lamp will fuse, thermistor off and can short the rectifier diodes voltage AC 220V - If short or off the rectifier diode voltage is 5V voltage loss STB Review lessons related to the disease,

Complete ATX Power Supply: Circuit






300Vdc circuit is powered from circuit bent / primary filter. effects components: Rhv: Resistors limit, then its output voltage to about 270V. R3, R5: The Natural (bait) for Q3. Q3: standby power, 2N60 Mosfet used here. R4: Creating negative feedback voltage, voltage drop on R4 used as a sensor to check the flow through Q3, which will be adjusted through to Q3 operating stable. ZD1: G Stable feet voltage, in order to protect not widened Q3, Q3 avoid being punctured. C34: Capacitor discouraged, Q3 is not protected under voltage breakdown when large cathode of the period reverse scan. R9: resistor potentiometer, create stability (relative) for Q3 G and C foot Q4. L1: Download Q3. L2: Scroll feedback. Q4: Prone to foot pressure distribution G Q3, role reverse-phase voltage feedback. D5: Resetting feedback circuit bent parallel manner to produce voltage (+) at point A. C8: voltage feedback filter. U1: from optical circuit, negative feedback voltage stability STB. R17: Advanced low resistance, with the aim to break the feedback voltage when the voltage Q4 B foot drops to ~ 2V. C4, R6, D3: Eliminate reverse voltage, anti-ranged interrupt. Principle:circuit voltage from 300V adapter / Rhv remaining primary filter through ~ 270V for circuit level. This voltage is divided into two lines: line 1: At PN6 point, the legs D PN4 to Q3. St. 2: Over R3, R5 potentiometer R9 combined bias for Q3, Q4 and for (leg C). Make sure you have assigned to the pressure for G Q4 Q3 Q4 saturated, so if the voltage at ~ 0 G Q3, Q3 lock. Due to the nature (prey) by R3, R5 should open Q3. Current from 270V through L1, DS Q3 down through mass, closed circuit. Since the line passes through L1, the characteristics of inductors (always born through it line by line against the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction) should flow through the L1 does not reach the saturation level at which rising slowly. So the magnetic field generated in the transformer core STB cun increased gradually (from the field). According to Lenz's law of electromagnetic induction, magnetic field increases from core transformer from the STB will rise above all the coils Power Transformer 1 of the induction. voltage induced on L2 is bent by D5 and C8 filter removed 1 dimensional voltage is negative (+) at point A, is stable (relative) with R16, stability depends on the size of T = R16xC8 (time constant - time constant of the RC circuit exit) voltage at point A again through CE U1 (from photosynthesis) to B leg of Q4. Because the voltage is positive so it makes Q4 saturated. When Q4 is saturated voltage at the base of Q4 ~ 0 C, but C pin connector on the back foot G Q4 Q3 should make Q3 UgQ3 ~ 0 keys. When the current through Q3 lock, lose the line through L1, L1 on the field as well loss made ​​on the magnetic core transformer = 0 leads to the induced voltage on the transformer windings STB = 0. Of course, the induced voltage in the coil L2 loss.because the voltage across L2 pressure loss should not give (+) at point A again. However, because C8 loaded (before) so now it makes discharge voltage at point A can not lose right, the exhaust will maintain C8 (+) to add 1 foot B Q4 and Q4 tieps time again to storm peace, continued Key Q3. Go to the voltage (+) by C8 discharge not big enough (≤ 2V), the R17 will interrupt voltage feedback, leg B will reduce the O Q4, Q4 lock. When Q4 lock the bias voltage by R3, R5 and Q3 restored back open. A cycle open / locked start. frequency of oscillation of the circuit: It is determined by L2/C8/R16. This is the serial resonance should occur when the resonance is the max voltage on L2, then the line voltage at point A is enough for max R17 leads, Q4 saturated. If lost, the resonant voltage across L2 min, A min voltage of insufficient pressure drop across R17 brake lock to Q4, Q3 open (fixed) and the current through L1 will be fixed not generate magnetic fields up to induced voltage on all of the transformer coil STB lost. In other words, the oscillation frequency of the circuit by 1/2Πxsqrt (L2xC8R16). fact, the key Q3, the current through L1 not just because of the loss of the transformer core is still (small) rise to power pressure sensors on the way L1 (-) in D Q3, this voltage exists in a very short time (like back in power line scan television, CRT) should be of great value (~ 800V with newer sources ) give rise to two consequences: Effects of C4, R6, D3 as direct feedback circuit. voltage induced in L3 generated by changing magnetic field due to continuous saturation Q2 / lock. This voltage adapter / standby voltage filter removed. St. 1: Resetting / filtered by a 12V feed D9/C15 fluctuations, amplified stimulated. St. 2: Bending / filter by D7/C13/C18 5V for purple wire , lower back pressure through the PS-ON, raising circuit PG algorithms. voltage stabilization: Use OPTO U1. If the output voltage increases (because the oscillation frequency changes), the 5V output increases. When the controller power supply poles of U1 (TL431) from 5V over R27 431 up to the big opening. Notice that 431 emitting diodes connected in series with the OPTO, because the large opening 431 through the diode current (from 5V STB through R30, through the diode, through to mass 431) increases, the light intensity of the diode increases impact resistance RCE CE U1 U1 to decrease, this resistors connected in series from point A to R17 should make the voltage feedback to the B Q4 (through R17) increases, resulting in Q4 lock hoa/Q3 storm earlier than usual. In other words, the opening time of 1 second smaller Q3 will decrease the output voltage to decrease. If output voltage is reduced (due to changes in the oscillation frequency) is a 5V source reduction. When the controller power supply poles of U1 (TL431) from 5V down over R27 431 to make the opening smaller. Notice that 431 emitting diodes connected in series with the OPTO, because the large opening 431 through the diode current (from 5V STB through R30, through the diode, through to mass 431) decreased, reducing the light intensity of the impact CE diode to resistor RCE U1 U1 increases, this resistor in series from point A to R17 should make the voltage feedback to the B Q4 (through R17) decreased, resulting in late Q4 lock hoa/Q3 storms than usual. In other words, the opening time of 1 second Q3 small increases as voltage increases. voltage stabilization: Use negative feedback resistors R4 voltage. Q3 widened If (as the high pressure), the flow across R4 increases. Pressure drop across R4 (in UR4 IQ3 = x R4) increased. To see the pressure drop is put on foot through R8 to Ub B Q4 Q4 increase of saturation Q4, Q3 lock earlier than usual. In other words, the opening time of 1 second smaller Q3 will decrease the output voltage to decrease. If Q3 small opening (making a low pressure), the reduced flow through R4. Pressure drop across R4 (in UR4 IQ3 = x R4) down. Notice will see this put pressure drop across R8 leg B Q4 to Q4 decreased Ub, Q4 will be saturated, Q3 later than usual lock. In other words, the opening time of 1 second Q3 small increases as voltage increases.

MOTHERBOARD NOT BOOT



a. check whether the short circuit CPU voltage
b. MOS tube 5V and 3V voltage is normal
c. check motherboard VID0-VID5 signal
d. 12V Power Management Chip 0 ohm affect, MOS capacitor for the wrong side of the tube will affect the voltage
e. VID_GOOD signal
2. No clock
a first check the clock chip 2.5V and 3.3V power supply is normal
b 14.318MHZ whether the starting crystal oscillator, capacitor bad or adverse affect body vibration can not afford to
c check the clock chip VTT_PWRGD (intel chipset)
3-d clock chip resistor
e bad body clock chip
DIMM on the clock:
A check whether the output clock frequency chips to North Bridge
Check the power supply 2 DIMM and 2 .. 5V 1.25V is normal (next to the reference voltage 1.25V Northbridge is normal)
3. DIMM clock chip is bad
4 North Bridge to the clock chip 22 ohm is normal
5. Northbridge poor body
3. CPU reset signal
a. check whether the normal voltage and frequency. (DIMM easily under a bad transistor)
b. clock chip resistance, exclusion is normal
c. North Bridge to the DIMM frequency output is normal. (INTEL. VIA. SIS chipset, the aforesaid signal line is working
d. North Bridge to the CPU signal lines AD Block
e. SIS PCI board investigation of FRAME # and DEVSEL # signal, if the normal two signals can be ruled out BIOS and
W83697 possible, the network will also affect the North Bridge chip and
f. NVIDIA's board BIOS and W83697 will affect not reset
g. North Bridge Ontology bad (NVIDIA and the SIS board, BIOS will not affect the CPU reset)
4. The whole board without reset
a check whether basic supply voltage and frequency of normal
b check whether the output reset signal to the Southbridge MS_5T 2 feet (3V reset voltage)
c check MS-5 3.4.5-pin voltage is normal, with or without short-circuit
d South Bridge is poor body
e check switch on the FP-RST signal is connected to a 3V voltage general MS-5, clock, network chips, MS-3
f check MS-5 in the POWER GOOD 42 feet and PWR-OK 46-pin signal is normal
g check MS-7 in the first 4 feet and 7 feet POWERGOOD signals whether the output signal 4 into POWERGOOD 7
Out
h check VCC2.5V and whether the short-circuit short-circuit the Northbridge 1.25V bad

5 reset does not boot
a. clock. reset. Southbridge voltage is normal
b. Charles PW-OK, and PWR-GOOD signal is normal
c. TTL circuits and related components, check whether the abnormal
d. check the AD PCI signal and control signal to the South Bridge
e. South Bridge poor body
f. South Bridge side of the frequency of the crystal 32.768K less will affect the reset does not open, will also affect the COM port test, but
g. MS-3 is normal
h. NVIDIA chipset, BIOS is bad
7 Delay start
a. clock frequency, voltage is normal
b. clock chip side of the resistance, exclusion, with or without frequency output
c. TTL circuits and MS-5, MS-7 is related to the normal line
d. network chip voltage is normal or poor body
e. BIOS to the South Bridge, the signal is normal
8 reset Boot
a. check whether the bad BIOS information
b. check reset, whether the low frequency
c. check FP-RST signal and related components are normal
d. PCI lines are normal to the South Bridge
e. South Bridge Ontology bad run DD
a. check PCI bus
b. check BIOS Bus
c. check CPU bus
d. BIOS poor body
e. I / O chip
f. Clock Chip
g. MS-3
h. South Bridge run D3
a. Clear CMOS
b. update BIOS information
c. whether the connection is bad memory
d. motherboard memory power supply is normal DIMM3.3V, DDR2.5V 1.25V
e. check the memory frequency
f. check MS.MD.RAS.CAS
g. check the AD CPU signal. control line

h. check 74F244.74F245 buffer board 370
i. check I / O chip
j. check the memory to the North Bridge of the signal line, the memory on the 91 and 92 feet of potential signal 3V, through live I / O clock, Southbridge best Huabu Kai machine
a. check CMOS settings are consistent with the CPU itself, the frequency
b. check CPU multiplier signal (4 signals directly to the South Bridge)
c. check the voltage settings are normal
d. check CPU's control signals]
e. check clock chip power supply. output frequency is normal
f. check MS-3 (next to the power transistor, the voltage down)
Short-circuit board
1. Observation
2. Touch method
3. Exclusion
4. From small range to large-scale
5. A signal line North Bridge voltage 5V, 3.3V, 2.5V, 1.8V, DDR-VTT, VCORE, VCC-AGP, VTT-VID
South Bridge Voltage 3.3V, 25V, 1.8V, 1.5V, 3VSB
I / O 5V, 3.3V, 5VSB
BIOS 3.3V, 5V
Audio chip 3.3V, 5V 8738 is 5V
Network chip 3.3V, 3VSB
Power management chip 12V, 5V, VCORE
Clock 3.3V, 2.5V
75,232 plus or minus 12V, 5V
South Bridge PCI on 14PIN have 3VSB
For the short-circuit boards to repair
a search of all AD board signal lines, including (CPU Block, PCI, DIMM, ISA)
b. other control signals and clock chip, the clock chip output pin, all the I / O interface signals and diodes are normal (resistance)
CPU voltage anomalies to maintenance
a. first check CPU voltage, power management ICs and MOS tube a short circuit and burn out phenomenon
b. check the signal is normal VID0-VID5

MOTHERBOARD

maintenance information

Repair parts
Do not turn fault detection method and sequence
1. Check the working conditions of the three CPU
l Power Supply
l clock
l Reset
2. Remove the BIOS chip select pin 22 check whether the signal transition
3. Test for BIOS, search the line connected with the BIOS
4. Charles ISA, PCI, on the data lines, address lines (and AD), interrupt and other control lines (this can be a direct reflection of north and south bridge problem)
5. Charles AGP, PCI, CPU Block North Bridge on the way to determine whether the normal resistance
l CPU core voltage power supply
2 FET bad, open or short circuit
2 short-circuit filter capacitor (electrolytic capacitor)
2, no output voltage IC
No 12V power supply
voltage IC bad
Break
2 CPU voltage related to minor short circuit
2 bad of a field effect transistor, the output voltage becomes lower
2, no effect on the feedback circuit
2 Output voltage and low voltage IC
l VID 0-4, (+5 V voltage)
2, no output voltage IC
2 and the exclusion bad CPU Blocks
2 Break
l VTT 1.5V
2 bad power FET
2 VTT1.5V a right to short-circuit
2 FET power supply is not normal
2 FET bad
l clock
2 CPU Clock Tower and the open circuit between IC
2, no output clock IC
2 and output filter capacitor connected to the bad (10 PF)
2 power supply is normal 3.3V 2.8V 2.5V
2 All no output or no output half
2 from the crystal oscillator 22 is to determine if the bad skin
2 have electricity, IC bad
2, no power, check supply the relevant line
2 IC bad
2 half check for abnormal
l Reset
Low Voltage Reset 2: Bad Northbridge
2 There was no reset voltage
? North Bridge North Bridge without welding or reset false
? Disconnect the line connected with the North Bridge

2 are reset: continuous line with the North Bridge
2 No Reset: Reset generation circuit check


Boot display and related failures to judge
1. Display the information and memory card capacity
2. Shows the motherboard model, manufacture date, BIOS version of the content
3. Shows the main frequency of CPU, (FSB and multiplier)
1) CPU Block bad
2) Jumper Settings Error
3) North Bridge and CPU line between Block
4. Memory capacity
1) bad memory
2) bad memory slot
3) Northbridge bad
4) memory slots poor contact
5. IDE interface status
1) not detected
i. signal line and the hard disk, CD-ROM
ii. IDE Interface needle
iii. Southbridge bad break
2) detection of errors
i. hard drive, optical drive signal line
ii. IDE interface issues
iii. Southbridge bad
iv. Clear CMOS
6. Floppy
1) Setting error
2) signal line and the floppy drive
3) Floppy Interface
4) I / O bad
5) South Bridge bad
7. Keyboard, mouse
1) The keyboard, mouse, bad
2) The relevant line (exclusion, inclusion and exclusion, inductors, resistors, I / O)
3) keyboard lock (CMOS, keyboard lock-related lines)
4) South Bridge, or to break or short circuit between the South Bridge
8. Sound card
1) not detected
i. CMOS off (clear CMOS)
ii. sound card and crystal (no waveform voltage one high and one low)
iii. Supply (78L05)
2) noise
i. input power supply filter capacitor
ii. the output filter capacitor
iii. sound bad
iv. Southbridge bad
9. USB, COM ports, printer port, game port
1) interface bad
2) The power supply is not normal
3) signal line in question
4) I / O or the South Bridge


Memory-related failure to judge
1. Read less memory
? Slot bad
a) bad shrapnel Contact: oxidation, stretch out of control, open
b) short circuit burned out groove: two-pin short circuit, damaged
? Memory-related lines: one slot short circuit; power supply; clock; ranks gating; lines are open; data line; address line; control line; Northbridge bad (most of the relevant line with the North Bridge)
2. Digital jump incomplete
C0-C1-C3-C5 (no C3 and C5, are related to line problems)
3. Memory error
? Memory bad
? Access to good
? Slot problem with the line between the North Bridge
4. Into 98 missing characters: the bad memory
5. After the crash into the 98: the bad memory
6. AGP slot short circuit - effect Northbridge, RAM
7. BIOS error or data loss
? Virus infection
? Upgrade fails
? Power supply does not
Note: The clock IC are sometimes not read memory
Diagnosis of Different motherboards have different number of cards to go, often have the following three kinds:
1:00-C0-C1-C3-0b-0d-3d-42-6F-7F-FF
2: FF-C1-1d-2b-3d-42-6F-7F-FF
3: FF-d3-d4-0b-2A-31-3d-4E
Sound Card Trouble
1. Power Supply
78L05 12V power outlet to the three-terminal regulator input pin, the output is 5V voltage to the IC card
2. IC card to work should be hot
1-12 feet which is more important, including the power supply, crystal oscillator, two feet, the control signal
3. Crystal
24.576MHz, next to two small capacitor 22PF
? Have a power waveform
? Into the 98 after a wave
? Only level, no wave, one high and one low voltage
4. PA
Just the sound card output audio signal amplification (amplifier sound bad cause little noise, no sound)
Failure of some of the problems caused by sound card
1. Power Supply
2. Crystal
3. Sound card chip
4. PA
5. Sound card and amplifier small capacitor around
6. CMOS setting error will cause silent, not the sound card installed
7. BIOS Bad

Fix “There was a problem sending a command to the program” Error

Windows is full of strange error messages that I’ve written many posts on previously, so in this post I will cover another odd one. I recently ran into this message:

There was a problem sending a command to the program

I ran into this error while trying to open web links from my email program. When I would click on the link, it would pop up with this error message and then proceed to open Internet Explorer with a blank page! Not really what I wanted!

After playing around with the problem more, I realized I was getting this error message when opening other types of files from not only my email program, but also the web. For example, if I tried to open a Word document or Excel file from my email, I get the error message, followed by Word or Excel opening, but not displaying the actual file.

After trying a bunch of things, I finally got the problem fixed. I’m not really sure what step fixed the problem, so I will just list out all the different things I tried and hopefully something will work for you.

Method 1 – Check Shortcut to Program

The first thing to do is to check and make sure that the shortcut to the program like IE 9 or Excel is not being run as administrator. Right-click on the shortcut and choose Properties. Then go to the Compatibility tab and make sure the Run program as administrator box is not checked.

Method 2 – Uninstall Office Viewer

If you have any version of Office viewer installed in addition to Microsoft Office, make sure you go ahead and uninstall Office Viewer. Having an older version of Office Viewer with a newer version of Office can cause this problem.

Method 3 – Reset IE/Disable Add-ons

If you’re mostly having this problem with IE 8 or IE 9, then you can try to reset IE completely and also try disabling add-ons and then seeing what happens. I have previously written a post on and it goes through the steps to do both items mentioned above.

Method 4 – Disable Anti-Virus Programs

Anti-virus software can also sometime be the culprit and cause these issues. It’s best to disable AVG, Kaspersky, ZoneAlarm or any other anti-virus program completely, restart your computer and then see if the problem goes away or not.

Method 5 – Delete the Word Data Registry Key

For Microsoft Word, you can try deleting a registry key that’s just used to store some options and preferences and won’t harm anything if deleted. It’s the Word Data registry key and it has been known to cause problems on occasions. If you delete it, it will be recreated when you open Word again the next time.

Word 2002 – HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft \Office\10.0\Word\Data
Word 2003 – HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\ Office\11.0\Word\Data
Word 2007 – HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\ Office\12.0\Word\Data
Word 2010 – HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Microsoft\Office\14.0\Word\Data

Method 6 – Excel Dynamic Data Exchange

If you have this going on with Excel, you can try the following. Open Excel and click on the big Office button and then click on Excel Options.

Now click on Advanced in the left hand menu and uncheck the box that says “Ignore other applications that use Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE)“.

Those are about all the things I tried and something worked because the problem is now gone! Go ahead and give it a shot and see if it works for you. If not, post a comment here and let us know your situation and we will try to help. Enjoy!

Basic: Processor - CPU

I - Functions of the CPU

• CPU stands for Central Processing Unit (English), roughly translated as central processing units. CPU can be viewed as the brain, one of the core elements of a computer. The main task of the CPU's processing computer programs and data.CPU has many different styles. In the simplest form, a CPU chip with a few dozen feet. More complex, the CPU is available in the circuit assembly with hundreds of other chips. CPU is a data processing circuit according to preset program. It is a complex integrated circuit includes millions of transistors

II - Structure of CPU 


3 CPU block is:

1. Controllers (Control Unit) is the processor is responsible for the command interpreter program and process control activities, are regulated by precise clock generation 
   system. Circuit system clock used to synchronize the operation of the processor and CPU in addition to the period of time to wait between two doi.Khoang pulses called nhip.Toc cycles whereby the system clock generating pulse signals called standard time clocks - clock speed measured in million units per sec-Mhz. Registers are temporary storage elements of microprocessors for data storage and computer memory address when performing operations with them. 
   
   
   
   


2. The arithmetic-logic (ALU-Arithmetic Logic Unit) can perform the function of command and control unit signal processing. As the name implies, this unit is used to perform arithmetic operations (+, -, *, /) and logical operations (compare greater than, less than ...)


3. Register (Register) register is responsible for code written and recorded before treatment outcomes after treatment

---

III - The specifications of the CPU

1. CPU Speed ​​: The speed of computer processing depending on the speed of the CPU, but it also depends on the other parts (such as memory, RAM, and graphics card.) There are many technologies to increase processing speed of the CPU.For example Duo.Toc technology Core 2 CPU associated with the clock frequency of its work (measured in units such as MHz, GHz, ...). For the same CPU frequency is higher 
   , the increasing processing speed. For other CPU types, this is not necessarily true, for example, CPU Core 2 Duo 2.6 GHz frequency can process data faster than a CPU of 3.4 GHz. CPU speed will depend on its cache, such as the Intel Core 2 Duo L2 cache shared use (shared cache) helps to speed the processing of this new system 2 faster than the human system 2 System 1 (Intel Core Duo and Intel Pentium D) with L2 cache per each core separately. (Buffer memory used to store commonly used commands, making data entry faster processor). Currently manufacturing technology to 65nm CPU. currently have Quad-Core CPU (4 cores). AMD has released technology with 2 processors, each of 2-4 people.
   
   


2. 
   

Power Supply: noise filter circuit, rectifier

Effects components: 

F1 : Fuse overcurrent protection, when the phenomenon of slow flow through F1 sources make up, it will melt the fuse wire, disconnect power supply to protect the components from damage more. TH1 : Fuse overvoltage protection, which is composed of one pair of adjacent semiconductor, maximum voltage between 230V-270V on it (depending on the type of source). When the input voltage is too high or lightning voltage leads to increased TH1 put on, this will break adjacent to disconnect the power supply voltage level. CX1, CX2 : Capacitor input filter, short circuit the industrial impulse noise greater frequency. LF1 : Inductors, prevent impulse noise frequencies not reach the source. RV/C3/C3 : RC type filter circuit to create escape routes for the high-frequency pulses. D1-D4 : Circuit bending demand change AC voltage of the power supply into DC voltage. C5/C6 : source filter capacitors, voltage leveling circuit after straightening. R1/R2 : resistor voltage balance on the 2 capacitors. SW1 : Switch changes input voltage. 220 - breaker, 110V - plays AC line fuse to go through, the noise pulse knocked down by CX1/LF1 to RV.Filter circuit includes RV/C3/C4 will continue to eliminate interference industrial remnants. In other words, the AC adapter needs to have cleaner. Because alternating current is constantly changing voltage on the adapter should be changed. For example selling period 1 A (+) / B (-), sale of any 2 A (-) / B (+) ... If the input voltage is 220V (SW1 off). Upon A (+) / B (- ) , the D2/D4 diode is forward bias, the current passing from point A through D2, charging the capacitor pair C5/C6, through mass downloading, return to point B through D4, closed circuit. Upon A (-) / B (+)is the D1/D3 diode is biased, current flow from point B through D3, charging the capacitor pair C5/C6, through mass download, through D1 back to point A, closed circuit. So, with the second period of an alternating current sales are generated through load currents from top down. Voltage capacitor pair will be placed on the positive (+) at point C, negative (-) at point D (mass). Voltage on C5/C6 values ​​are: - (220V-2x0.7) x sqrt2 = 309.14 V (if using silicon diode, diode voltage drop on each ~ 0.7V) - (220V-2x0.3) x sqrt2 = V 310.27 (if using germanium diode, diode voltage drop on each ~ 0.3V) If the input voltage is 110V (SW1 closed) When A (+) / B (-) , the D2 is biased, current flow from the A through D2, loaded the C5, the B closed circuit. Value of the voltage across C5 is: 110V-x0.7) x sqrt2 = 154.57 V (by just over one diode voltage drop) When A (-) / B (+) , the D1 is forward-biased, current flow from loaded the C6 point B, through a closed circuit of D1. Voltage on C6 value is: (110V-x0.7) x sqrt2 = 154.57 V (by just over one diode voltage drop). The total voltage on C5/C6 will be: 154.57 x 2 = 309.14 V 1 pm This is the primary source of supply for all power circuits, the workers usually call you on point A voltage is 300V voltage, of course However it is not known exactly in terms of value.

 damaged in the circuit:





















Phenomenon 1 : Orphans fuse - Due overvoltage, lightning. Instead of the right type. Phenomenon 2 : Orphans fuse, replace the back off. - Because convolution 1, 2, 3 or even 4 diode bridge adapter. When measuring the resistance that forward / backward of them all ~ 0Ω. Rather. - As one of the convolution filter capacitor. Measure will see their resistance by 0Ω, replace. However, the cause of this happening is extremely low (1% probability.)Note: 1 Some sources also have torpedo tubes (shaped ceramic capacitors) overvoltage protection following parallel fuse F1, when lightning voltage rating or higher, it will increase the short-cut lines and cause fuse F1. If the source uses this kind of protection, we have to check measurements, impedance is replaced by 0. Phenomenon 3 : Point A low voltage from 220V-250V. - Due to 1 or even 2 dry filter capacitor. Rather. When dry convergence phenomenon often accompanies the machine will not start or boot, but reser, hanging by the source at the time were not carefully filtered, and the resulting output AC ripple is.